Arthroscopy is a surgical procedure used to inspect and treat problems inside a joint. It allows a surgeon to look inside a joint and examine it closely so that they can determine what is wrong.

An arthroscope is a narrow tube with a light source attached to a tiny video camera, which transmits pictures back to a TV monitor. The arthroscope is passed through a small incision in the skin (arthroscopy is known as a keyhole procedure) and then used to light up and magnify the joint, so the surgeon can see any damage.

Arthroscopy can be used to investigate conditions such as arthritis; symptoms such as pain or joint weakness, and damage to cartilage or ligaments. Small instruments can be attached to the arthroscope to take a biopsy sample or to cut, trim or remove any loose fragments of tissue, bone or cartilage.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a relatively common condition that causes pain, numbness and a burning or tingling sensation in your hand and fingers. Symptoms of CTS can range from mild to severe.

The carpal tunnel is a small tunnel that runs from the bottom of your wrist to your lower palm.

Several tendons that help to move your fingers pass through the carpal tunnel. The median nerve also passes through the tunnel, which controls sensation and movement of your hand.

The nerve and tendons are protected by a ridge of bone and ligaments. In cases of CTS, the space inside the tunnel shrinks, placing pressure on the median nerve. Compression of the nerve results in symptoms of pain and numbness.

The hip is a ball and socket joint. Normally, the ball at the top of your thigh bone moves smoothly in the socket of your pelvis on a lining of cartilage. If the cartilage is worn away, it can make your joint painful and stiff. Hip resurfacing operation can help improve mobility and reduce pain. In this operation damaged surfaces of the hip joint are removed and replaced with metal parts.

Hip resurfacing operation is recommended if you are under 55 and a healthy weight. Less bone is removed for hip resurfacing, making it easier to repeat the operation or to have a total hip joint replacement in later years. A hip resurfacing operation can help improve quality of life, however it's not suitable for everyone.

Hip resurfacing usually requires a hospital stay of about five days and it's done under general anaesthesia. This means you will be asleep during the operation. Alternatively you may have the surgery under spinal or epidural anaesthesia. This completely blocks feeling from your waist down and you stay awake during the operation.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction or repair is undertaken when the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is ruptured and a patient complains of knee instability, pain or recurrent swelling.

This procedure involve replacement of the original Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) by a graft taken from the patients' own local tendons. These procedures can be undertaken entirely by minimally invasive, keyhole or arthroscopic technique. This avoids the need for large skin incisions, allow for accurate placement of the ligament and allow rapid recovery and rehabilitation whilst minimizing pain swelling and stiffness. These procedures can be expected to allow patients to return to unrestricted sports in the vast majority of cases.

A hip replacement involves replacing your hip joint with an artificial version. The hip joint is a ball and socket joint. A hip replacement provides a long-term solution for worn or damaged hip joints, which can cause severe pain and loss of mobility.

The operation replaces both the natural socket (the acetabulum) and the rounded ball at the head of the thigh-bone (the femoral head) with artificial parts. These parts replicate the natural motion of the hip joint.